Encyclopedia of Politics: The Left and The Right

Gorbachev, Mikhail (1931-)

MIKHAIL GORBACHEV is appreciated as one of the most distinguished and controversial leaders of the last quarter of the 20th century. He headed the Soviet Union (USSR) as the Communist Party general secretary beginning on March 11, 1985, and his policy brought an end to the 70-year experiment in constructing a social alternative to capitalism. The failure occurred at the time when "real socialism" seemed to achieve the greatest success and needed just more propulsion. In spite of lower living standards than in the West, the USSR was remarkable for impressive social guarantees and stability. The country that declared worldwide victory of communism as an official goal had a large zone of influence in East-Central Europe, Asia, and Africa and enjoyed military parity with the United States.

When Gorbachev, at age 54, received supreme power, the array of daunting problems was striking and included economic slowdown, losses in Afghanistan, destabilization in Poland, ...

—Igor Charskykh

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see also other personalia:

Charskykh I.

Deng Xiaoping (1904-1997) // Encyclopedia of Politics: The Left and the Right. Vol. 1: The Left. – Thousand Oaks (Ca) – London – New Delhi: Sage Publications, 2005. – P.128-130.

http://sage-ereference.com/politics/Article_n59.html

Charskykh I.

Hitler, Adolf (1889-1945) // Encyclopedia of Politics: The Left and the Right. Vol. 2: The Right. – Thousand Oaks (Ca) – London – New Delhi: Sage Publications, 2005. – P.682-683.

http://sage-ereference.com/politics/Article_n336.htm

Charskykh I.

Khomeini, Ruhollah (1900-1989) // Encyclopedia of Politics: The Left and the Right. Vol. 2: The Right. – Thousand Oaks (Ca) – London – New Delhi: Sage Publications, 2005. – P. 725-726

http://sage-ereference.com/politics/Article_n354.html

Charskykh I.

Cleaver, Eldridge (1935-1998) // Encyclopedia of Politics: The Left and the Right. Vol. 1: The Left. – Thousand Oaks (Ca) – London – New Delhi: Sage Publications, 2005. – P. 92-93.

http://sage-ereference.com/politics/Article_n43.html